| Uncertainty avoidance: Dimension of culture that refers to the preference of people in a country for structured rather than unstructured situations. |
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| Undue hardship: Condition created when making a reasonable accommodation for individuals with disabilities that imposes significant difficulty or expense on an employer. |
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| Union: A formal association of workers that promotes the interests of its members through collective action. |
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| Union authorization card: Card signed by an employee to designate a union as his or her collective bargaining agent. |
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| Union security provisions: Contract provisions to aid the union in obtaining and retaining members. |
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| Union shop: A firm that requires that an employee join a union, usually 30 to 60 days after being hired. |
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| Union steward: An employee of a firm or organization who is elected to serve as the first-line representative of unionized worker. |
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| Unit labor cost: The total labor cost per unit of output, which is the average cost of workers divided by their average level of output. |
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| Utility analysis: Analysis in which economic or other statistical models are built to identify the costs and benefits associated with specific HR activities. |
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| Utilization analysis: An analysis that identifies the number of protected-class members employed and the types of jobs they hold in an organization. |
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| Utilization review: An audit and review of the services costs billed by health-care providers. |
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