| Ranking: Listing of all employees from highest to lowest in performance. |
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| Rater bias: Error that occurs when a rater’s values or prejudices distort the rating. |
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| Ratification: Process by which union members vote to accept the terms of a negotiated labor agreement. |
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| Realistic job preview (RJP): The process through which an interviewer provides a job applicant with an accurate picture of a job. |
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| Reasonable accommodation: A modification or adjustment to a job or work environment that enables a qualified individual with a disability to have equal employment opportunity. |
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| Recency effect: Error in which the rater gives greater weight to recent events when appraising an individual’s performance. |
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| Reciprocity: A feeling of obligation to “give in return” or reciprocate good treatment. |
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| Recruiting: The process of generating a pool of qualified applicants for organizational jobs. |
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| Red-circled employee: An incumbent who is paid above the range set for the job. |
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| Reengineering: Rethinking and redesigning work to improve cost, service, and speed. |
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| Reinforcement: A concept that people tend to repeat responses that give them some type of positive reward and avoid actions associated with negative consequences. |
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| Reliability: The consistency with which a test measures an item. |
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| Repatriation: The process of bringing expatriates home. |
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| Retaliation: Punitive actions taken by employers against individuals who exercise their legal rights. |
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| Return on investment (ROI): Calculation showing the value of expenditures for HR activities. |
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| Reverse discrimination: A condition that may exist when a person is denied an opportunity because of preferences given to protected-class individuals who may be less qualified. |
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| Right to privacy: Defined in legal terms for individuals as the freedom from unauthorized and unreasonable intrusion into their personal affairs. |
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| Rights: That which belongs to a person by law, nature, or tradition. |
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| Right-to work laws: State laws that prohibit both the closed shop and the union shop. |
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| Right-to-sue letter: A letter issued by the EEOC that notifies a complainant that he or she has 90 days in which to file a personal suit in federal court. |
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| Role playing: A development technique requiring the trainee to assume a role in a given situation and act out behaviors associated with that role. |
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| Rules: Specific guidelines that regulate and restrict the behavior of individuals. |
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