| Managed care: Approaches that monitor and reduce medical costs using restrictions and market system alternatives. |
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| Management by objectives (MBO): Specifies the performance goals that an individual hopes to attain within an appropriate length of time. |
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| Management rights: Those rights reserved to the employer to manage, direct, and control its business. |
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| Mandated benefits: Those benefits which employers in the United States must provide to employees by law. |
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| Mandatory issues: Collective bargaining issues that are identified specifically by labor laws or court decisions as being subject to bargaining. |
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| Marginal functions: Functions that are part of a job but are incidental or ancillary to the purpose and nature of a job. |
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| Market line: The line on a graph showing the relationship between job value, as determined by job evaluation points, and pay survey rates. |
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| Market price: Typical wage paid for a job in the immediate labor market. |
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| Masculinity/Femininity: Dimension of culture that refers to the degree to which “masculine” values prevail over “feminine” values. |
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| Massed practice: The performance of all of the practice at once. |
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| Maturity curve: Curve that depicts the relationship between experience and pay rates. |
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| Mediation: Process by which a third party assists negotiators in their discussions and also suggests settlement proposals. |
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| Mental ability tests: Tests that measure reasoning capabilities. |
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| Mentoring: A relationship in which managers at midpoints in their careers aid individuals in the earlier stages of their careers. |
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| Moonlighting: Work outside a person’s regular employment that takes 12 or more additional hours per week. |
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| Motivation: The desire within a person causing that person to act. |
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| Multinational enterprise (MNE): An organization with units located in foreign countries. |
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